Increasing Micronutrient Deficiency in the Soil Spurs Demand for Agriculture Micronutrients

Agricultural micronutrients are vital for plant health, productivity, and quality of harvests. Scientists have identified 17 essential nutrients for robust plant growth. The primary nutrients—carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen—are typically sourced from water and air, while the remaining nutrients come mainly from the soil. Among these, six are required in larger quantities (macronutrients and secondary macronutrients): nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Additionally, there are eight micronutrients—zinc, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and chlorine—that plants need in smaller amounts, along with several non-essential but beneficial elements like cobalt, silicon, selenium, and vanadium.

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Micronutrients serve multiple complex functions in plant development, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll production, respiration, enzyme activity, hormone synthesis, metabolic processes, and nitrogen fixation. They help convert nitrates into usable forms, support cell division and development, and regulate water uptake. These nutrients are crucial for promoting healthy crop growth, maximizing yields, and enhancing the quality of harvests, while also significantly influencing root development, fruit setting, seed viability, and overall plant vigor. Furthermore, micronutrients benefit plants indirectly by nourishing soil microorganisms that play essential roles in nutrient cycling. However, a deficiency or toxicity of these nutrients can lead to stunted growth, reduced yields, dieback, or even plant death.

Certain crops and soil types are more susceptible to specific micronutrient deficiencies. For example, alfalfa often suffers from boron deficiency, while wheat, corn, and soybeans may experience copper deficiency. Nickel deficiency is common in pecans, and soybeans can suffer from molybdenum deficiency. Zinc deficiencies are frequently found in calcareous, high-pH, sandy, phosphorus-rich, and eroded soils, and poorly drained soils may lack several micronutrients.

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Globally, 49% of soils are zinc deficient, making it the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency. Boron is next, with 31% of soils affected. Other deficiencies include molybdenum (15%), copper (14%), manganese (10%), and iron (3%). China and India report the highest levels of micronutrient deficiency, with boron deficiency found in over 30% of agricultural soils and zinc deficiency impacting around 50% in both countries. India shows a molybdenum deficiency in 15% of its agricultural soils, while China has a staggering 47% affected.

Research from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) indicates that applying agricultural micronutrients increased crop production by 25% in Africa. As soil micronutrient deficiencies rise, the demand for these nutrients is growing. According to Meticulous Research, the global agricultural micronutrients market is projected to reach USD 12.24 billion by 2027, with a CAGR of 8.7% from 2020 to 2027. In terms of volume, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.8%, reaching 2,013.3 KT by 2027.